Affirmative Action
The history of the growth of equality for African Americans
in America has been one of great accomplishments followed by many small gains
and many set backs as well. The
outlawing of slavery did not instantly make all blacks equal with whites in
America. It took many subsequent legal
actions as well as hundreds of social efforts, big and small, to slowly make
the progress we have seen today. But
even in this day and age, in a new century, there is an ongoing battle against
racism. It seems we need leadership to
guide society to true equality as much now as ever in our history.
The abolition of slavery only began the long hard struggle
for African American culture to become a true part of what it means to be an
American. That is because even though
the legal definition of slavery had been thrown down, the attitudes and
cultural systems in place to keep the races separate and to deny black people
rights equal with whites had to be addressed one by one.
Slowly over the decades, we have seen big changes but many
came at a great cost. From the legal
granting of the right to vote to African Americans to the civil rights movement
to school desegregation, each step forward came with resistance, great
difficulty and significant sacrifice from leaders and ordinary citizens alike
to make each step toward true equality a fact.
Of all the efforts to “level the playing field”, none has
been more controversial than the Affirmative Action program. In its beginning, it was intended to be a supplement
to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Over
time it had become clear that despite removal of laws that enforced segregation
or discrimination, there seemed to be a natural segregation in the work place
that was keeping African Americans from getting a fair chance at jobs because
of the prejudices of an employer, even if that prejudice was not officially recognized
in the company charter.
There were two significant executive orders that made
affirmative action a reality. The first
was Executive Order 10925 signed by President Kennedy on March 6, 1965 which
was the first law to make mention of the phrase. This was followed by much more sweeping Civil
Rights Act which was signed into law by President Johnson. Together these laws attempted to correct by
legal means the disparity of opportunity that existed in the workplace for
people of color by instituting a system of quotas that employers had to meet to
satisfy federal affirmative action minority employment levels.
But as is often the case when the government attempts to
impose right attitudes via legislation, these laws often created as many
problems for minorities as they cured.
Nevertheless as the application of the quota systems began to become
widespread, it did open many doors for African Americans that would not have
opened due to racial prejudice and silent segregation that was keeping the
African American community from reaching its economic potential.
In truth, nobody really liked this kind of imposed fairness
system. For whites, they felt the sting
of an artificial system of judgment that was sometimes called “reverse discrimination”. While there was some justice that the white
community got a taste for what it felt like to loose out on opportunity due to
the color of your skin, it did not help the country in our goal of growing
together to become one “color blind” community.
Affirmative action
was a mixed blessing for the African American community. While it did its job in the short term to
opening doors that were closed due to racism, it is not the ideal
solution. That is because it did not
fulfill Dr. King’s vision of a world where a man is judged not by the color of
his skin but by the content of his character.
We can hope that we will grow to that point as a culture and look back
on affirmative action as an unfortunate but necessary provision to help us grow
and mature as a truly integrated culture.
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